Governments around the globe embrace "energy efficiency" to address climate change. For example, the European Union’s "2030 Climate and Energy Framework" explicitly links the pledge to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 40% until 2030 (from 1990 levels) to the goal of a 32.5% improvement of...

We test the hypothesis that protest participation decisions in an adult population of potential climate protesters are interdependent. Subjects (n = 1,510) from the four largest German cities were recruited two weeks before protest date. We measured participation (ex post) and beliefs about the...

Major carbon-pricing systems in Europe and North America involve multiple countries or states. Individual jurisdictions often pursue additional initiatives---such as unilateral carbon price floors, legislation to phase out coal, aviation taxes or support programs for renewable energy---that...

Previous research shows that humans display complexity aversion. In this article, we test for the presence of complexity aversion and its determinants in the context of voluntary climate action, where individual choices interact with the complex regulatory framework of the EU Emission Trading...

Beliefs about future allowance prices in cap-and-trade schemes are heterogeneous and not necessarily fully informed. This paper shows how carbon-market design affects the impact of noise traders on equilibrium prices. Price-based flexibility mechanisms encourage arbitrage by rational traders and...