We introduce the concept of inconsequential arbitrage and, in the context of a model allowing short-sales and half-lines in indifference surfaces, we prove that inconsequential arbitrage is sufficient for existence of equilibrium. With a slightly stronger condition of local nonsatiation than...

This paper presents a surprising example. It shows that lattice theoretic properties in Mas-Colell's (1986) seminal work are relevant to the existence of equilibrium problem even when commodity space is finite dimensional. The paper provides an example of an economy with three commodities and...