This paper uses research from the field of international business to investigate when a multinational corporation's threat to leave a country is likely to have substance. Some multinationals have broad flexibility to relocate. Others do not. Customer expectations, transportation costs and...

This paper argues that the nature and extent of the benefits that FDI confers on host economies depends in part on the degree of autonomy enjoyed by subsidiary management. Survey evidence of multinational subsidiaries in Malaysia indicates that the autonomy conferred on local management is...

This article uses research from the fields of international business, economics and industrial relations to investigate how the context of multinational corporations affects the bargaining power of shop-floor workers and senior management. It is set in the context of the Asia Pacific region....