Several studies have indicated that option generation – the development of a range of strategic policy options to tackle identified transport problems – is the weakest link in current transport planning practice. Local authorities all too often limit themselves to pre-conceived solutions,...

I study the information content of bond ratings changes using daily corporate bond data from TRACE. Abnormal bond returns over a two-day event window that includes the downgrade (upgrade) are negative (positive) and statistically significant, although the reaction to upgrades is economically...

In February 2003, the London Congestion Charging Scheme was introduced and in 2006 a similar policy was introduced in Stockholm. In both cases automobile traffic entering the cordon declined by about 20 percent. This book evaluates these and other similar programs exploring their implications...

This paper reports on a study of current practice in policy transfer, and ways in which its effectiveness can be increased. A literature review identifies important factors in examining the transfer of policies. Results of interviews in eleven cities in Northern Europe and North America...

This paper reports on a study of current practice in policy transfer, and ways in which its effectiveness can be increased. A literature review identiï¬es important factors in examining the transfer of policies. Results of interviews in eleven cities in Northern Europe and North America...

I study the impact of Lehman Brothers' bankruptcy and resultant inability to honor its obligations as a lender under committed credit lines. Firms that lost access to a credit line committed by Lehman Brothers experienced abnormal stock returns of −3%, on average, on the day of and day after...