Crucial to the analysis in this paper is the Coasian insight that external costs result from conflicting uses of scarce resources and that responsibility for these costs should not be attributed exclusively to polluters as required by the polluter pays principle (PPP). The paper argues that the...

This paper proposes a model of aid allocating which aims to equalize the opportunity between recipient countries to reduce the poverty, in particular the millennium development goal of reducing the poverty by half. The model also takes into account the natural deficit which is defined by the gap...

This paper aims at explaining how aid, trade and migration in developed nations are connected, in particular in times of economics crisis. It relates to a new strand of the aid allocation literature, which aims at determining how donors’ domestic policies and their political environment can...

We explore the modelling of the determination of the level of R&D investment of firms. This means that we do not tackle the decision of being an innovator or not, nor the adoption of a new technology. We exclude these decisions and focus on the situations where firms invest in internal R&D in...

Compte tenu de l'information incomplète dont on dispose quant aux pratiques culturales des exploitants agricoles, il n'est pas toujours optimal de baser les politiques de lutte contre la pollution d'origine agricole exclusivement sur un mode de taxation. Symétriquement, un système...

Economic analysis of the determinants of the demand for education has been developed first in terms of human capital theory, and thereafter in terms of competing theories : radicalism, filter, signal, job competition. Developed in the seventies, these approaches remain dominant today, even...

The current international regime that regulates maritime oil transport calls for financial contributions by oil firms once an oil spill has occurred. Their percentage contribution to the International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund depends only on their level of activity. In this paper, we show...

This paper investigates the pass-through of an excise tax imposed on a monopoly firm with constant marginal cost. The optimal price increases as tax increases for any demand function. Tax pass-through is globally under or in excess of 100% according as the direct demand function is log-concave...

Recently, Fischer [1996] and Posen [1998] demonstrated empirically that countries with less independent central banks enjoy lower output losses during disinflationary cycles. Since independence is presume to provide a credibility bonus to the monetary policy, this conclusion looks surprising. To...

This paper surveys the notion of common knowledge taken from game theory and computer science. It studies and illustrates more generally the effects of interactive knowledge in economic and social problems. First of all, common knowledge is shown to be a central concept and often a necessary...