It has often been observed in experimental studies that the reliability of items increases if the same questions are asked of the same respondents more than once. This phenomenon, called the “Socratic effect,†also occurs in nonexperimental, short-wave panel studies. In the first...

This article deals with the assessment of the reliability and stability of the respondent's attitudes toward guestworkers across selected standard demographic variables (i.e., age, education, gender) as well as across contacts with guestworkers. As a baseline model we use the “bestâ€...

A major application of rescaled adjusted range analysis (RS analysis) is the study of price fluctuations in financial markets. There, the value of the Hurst constant, H, in a time series may be interpreted as an indicator of the irregularity of the price of a commodity, currency or similar...