communism (1989), in mid-transition (1996) and in late/posttransition (2002). We show: dramatic increases in returns to … returns to education obtained during communism vs. transition; no change in wage-experience profiles over time; and similar … the planners did; all the adjustment occurred in early transition and was driven by market forces rather than private …

are used to analyze a 1993 survey of 27,000 adults in six transition economies. Estimated selfemployment earnings premia … related to schooling, pre-transition family income, receipt of property in restitution, precommunist family business …

Labor mobility is crucial for an efficient allocation of resources and the transition economies are often viewed as … that it occurred with lower incidence and duration of unemployment than in the other transition economies. The demographic … characteristics of different patterns of mobility are similar across these transition economies: we identify younger people in general …

micro data on men to estimate returns to human capital under the communist wage grid and during the transition to a market … economy. We use data from the Czech Republic because it is a leading transition economy in which the communist grid remained … firms during the transition. Our estimates also indicate that men?s wage-experience profile was concave in both regimes and …

branches. The results suggest that despite more than one decade of transition, serious adjustment problems exist, including …