Observers have argued about whether highly-educated women are opting out of their careers and for families. If so, it is natural to expect fertility to increase and, insofar as children are associated with lower employment, further declines in employment. This paper provides a comprehensive...

In this paper, we illustrate a methodology to measure discrimination in educational contexts. In India, we ran an exam competition through which children compete for a large financial prize. We recruited teachers to grade the exams. We then randomly assigned child "characteristics" (age, gender,...

In this paper, we take as our point of departure the necessity for a feminist analysis that incorporates "gender, race, and class" analysis. Our book, Race, Gender & Work, first published in 1991 after many years or preparation, was dedicated to advancing this form of analysis in the realm of...

This study develops a framework for decomposing the gender earnings gap into across-occupation factors. The framework provides more comprehensive information on occupational segregation and the earnings gap than previous studies. The across-occupation effect encompasses differences between male...

Parmi les connaissances encyclopediques de la regrettee Simone de Beauvoir, il y avait une appreciation des circonstances economiques des femmes. Quand elle declarait, "Ce monde a toujours appartenu aux males" (tome 1, p.109), elle n'excluait point la realite economique; la part feminine avait...

Le vieillissement de la population resulte essentiellement de l'allongement de l'esperance de vie, avec un age de retraite inchange, ceci se traduit evidemment par un allongement de la duree moyenne de la retraite. Nous examinons, a l'aide de trois modeles theoriques tres voisins, avec...

Scientific rhetoric can have a profound impact on the perception of research; it can also drive and direct further research efforts. What determines whether results are discussed in a neutral or a judgmental way? How precise and convincing must results be so that authors call for significant...

The paper investigates the role of social norms as a determinant of individual attitudes by analyzing risk proclivity reported by immigrants and natives in a unique representative German survey. We employ factor analysis to construct measures of immigrants’ ethnic persistence and assimilation....

A vast labour literature has found evidence of a 'glass ceiling', whereby women are under-represented among senior management. A key question remains the extent to which this reflects unobserved differences in productivity, preferences, prejudice, or systematically biased beliefs about the...

Consider a model with two types of jobs. The profitability of promoting a worker to a fast-track job depends not only on his or her observable talent, but also on incontractible effort. We investigate whether self-fulfilling expectations may lead to women meeting tougher promotion standards than...