This paper investigates empirically the relation between the number of analysts following a security and the cost of transacting in the security, using intraday data for the year 1988. Using single and simultaneous equation specifications, it is found that the quoted bid-ask spreads on a large...

In this paper, we address the introduction of new markets in the context of a noisy rational expectations model of the type of Hellwig (1990), by assuming that knowledge about final payoffs emerges gradually over time and then considering the effect of allowing investors to trade more...

This paper develops a model of international equity portfolio investment flows based on differences in informational endowments between foreign and domestic investors. It is shown that when domestic investors possess a cumulative information advantage over foreign investors about their domestic...

A central, but largely untested, assumption in the modern literature on financial markets is that investors trade strategically, taking account of the effect of their trades on prices. We use a simultaneous equations approach motivated by theoretical analysis to test this assumption empirically....

We present new evidence on the predictability of aggregate market returns by developing two new prediction models, one risk-based, and the other purely statistical. The pricing kernel model expresses the expected return as the covariance of the market return with a pricing kernel that is a...

In this paper we present empirical tests of an extended version of the Capital Asset Pricing Model that replaces the single period horizon with a probability distribution over different horizons. Adopting a simple parameterization of the probability distribution of the length of the horizon, we...

We study informed trading around announcements of merger bids (M&AD) and quarterly earnings (EAD). Extending the EKOP (1996) approach, we compute the daily posterior probabilities of informed trading on good and bad news. We find evidence of informed trading before and after M&AD and EAD. A...

We offer evidence of a new stylized feature of corporate financing decisions: the tendency of managers to rely more on debt financing when earnings prospects are poor. We term this 'leaning against the wind' and consider three possible explanations: market timing, precautionary financing, and...

We decompose the structural estimate of the probability of informed trading, PIN, into components that capture informed trading on good and on bad news. We estimate these two components at quarterly intervals, and provide new evidence that they capture informed trading around earnings...

Hellwig's (1980) model isused to analyze the value of improvingtrading opportunities by more frequent trading in the underlying asset, or by trading in a derivative asset. With multiple trading sessions, uninformed investors behave as rational trend followers, while more informed investors...