This technical note examines investment opportunities for pension funds in Kazakhstan. It puts forward policy … alternatives that could lead to improved management of pension fund assets in Kazakhstan. The note emphasizes prudence in the … management of pension assets, given the social and fiscal importance of the pension sector. It discusses different investment …

Japan has a universal public pension system. Social security spending is a key fiscal policy challenge in Japan. The … 2004 pension reforms have increased the ratio of the government subsidy to the basic pension benefit. Three reform measures … are necessary to improve pension finances: an increase in pension eligibility age, a reduction in the pension benefit, and …

retirement age, broadening the tax base, and raising indirect taxes, would be a more growth-friendly strategy than relying …

due to population aging, pension reform proposals are also being considered. In this paper we assess the macroeconomic … GDP by 2012. Instead, raising the retirement age and prefunding future aging costs would be needed to keep debt below 60 …

which could magnify the challenge of pension reform. First, for some ECCU countries, continued emigration at historical … rates would considerably advance the projected date at which pension scheme assets are depleted. Second, there is a …

income support, including for unemployment benefits, the minimum guaranteed income, and pensions. Rapid social spending … growth has funded substantial increases in unemployment and family benefits. …