In this paper, we model the supply chain network as a closed Jackson queuing network and apply the properties of the closed Jackson network to explain some properties of a supply chain network. Under certain conditions, a simple throughput function that is the function of only the numbers of...

The importance of understanding the underlying characteristics of international crude oil price movements attracts much attention from academic researchers and business practitioners. Due to the intrinsic complexity of the oil market, however, most of them fail to produce consistently good...