In this paper we derive both primal and dual-cost systems in which the stochastic specifications arise from the model (random environment or measurement errors and optimization errors)—not tacked on at the end after the deterministic system is worked out. Derivation of the error structures is...

Volume 46 of Advances in Econometrics presents essays in honor of Subhal Kumbhakar. His influence on the applied productivity and efficiency profession is legion, as evidenced by his voluminous body of research, must read textbook and attendance at sessions where he is presenting or his work is...