The hypothesis that firms simultaneously determine their research and development, investment, dividend, and new debt policies generally is substantiated in the financial literature. The strategic planning model advocated in this study offers an alternative to the generally accepted goals of...

Researchers examining managerial behavior in the banking industry rely almost entirely on the validity of discretionary loan loss provision models in reaching their conclusions. Very little research analyzes the usefulness and effectiveness of discretionary loan loss provision models. This...

I analyze loan loss reserves during the Global Financial Crises in the late 2000s. I develop a regression model that separates the loan loss reserve account into discretionary and nondiscretionary components. The nondiscretionary (expected) component is based on current, past due, restructured,...