Tax planning is an area of growing interest and this paper is an attempt to contribute to the small formal literature on this topic. The paper analyzes the case of tax planning that manipulates the tax system to impose lower effective tax rates on gains than on losses, and proves that such tax...

This paper uses a partial equilibrium analysis to show that a partial trade liberalization may reduce a country's welfare due to a loss in monopolistic rent if it is carried out by a quota. The quota can be set by either the foreign or domestic government (it is considered as a voluntary export...

A measure of the effective protection rate in a general-equilibrium model under uncertainty where a stock market exists and internatio nal trade in securities takes place is presented. Real equity prices replace the final commodity prices since, in the presence of uncertai nty, resource...