This paper reviews various studies of forward and reverse stock splits in the areas of motives for splits, split practices, split effects on firm value, and changes in market activities around splits. It focuses on three hypotheses and their extended evidence. As our analysis shows, the optimal...

We comprehensively study various measures of stock trading liquidity around seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) and SEO underpricing using a sample of 3,811 SEOs, made from 1997 to 2012, and a matched non-SEO sample. We find that all liquidity measures of SEO firms improve significantly after SEO...

Using a sample of 279 upgrades and 310 downgrades from 1996 to 2004, we find that bond rating changes affect the information asymmetry of stock trading and other measures of information risk. Specifically, when a firm's bond rating is upgraded, its stock information asymmetry and its analysts'...