EC research programmes are promoting collaborative scientific research in general and “integrated Internet-based collaborations” in particular. New intellectual property rights (IPRs) are being developed to ensure the “intellectual property” of newly developed scientific and...

American manufacturing exports became increasingly resource-intensive over the very period, roughly 1880-1920, during which the U.S. ascended to the position of world leadership in manufacturing. This paper challenges the simplistic view that the resource-intensity of manufacturing reflected the...

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