This study examines relations between high frequency trading, order flow toxicity, stock price volatility during normal and high order flow toxicity periods, and predictability of changes in high frequency traders' liquidity supply and demand. By employing Volume-synchronized probability of...

This paper examines the Financial Management Association (FMA) Annual Meeting programs from 1996 through 2012. During this seventeen year time period, 2,107 unique (different) institutions are represented on the FMA program. Georgia State University has the most authors on the FMA program during...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study short sales trading as part of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) batch open and National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ) opening cross. The paper examines whether short transactions at the open can predict future...

Equity options exchanges in the United States use one of two models to execute marketable orders: the maker-taker model or the payment for order flow (PFOF) model. Exchanges utilizing the maker-taker model charge liquidity demanders a taker fee to access their liquidity. Exchanges utilizing the...

We investigate the effect of expected short sales and short sales surprises on abnormal securities returns. We then examine the impact of short sales constraints on the informational efficiency of the equity market based on a major hypothesis of Diamond and Verrecchia (1987). We conduct a series...