We investigate the presence of significant electricity forward risk premia, using data from three major continental European energy markets - German, Dutch and French. We introduce the risk premium in the framework of a standard electricity spot/forward unobserved factor model, and derive the...

Python is a powerful high level open source programming language, that is available for multiple platforms. It supports object oriented programming, and has recently become a serious alternative to low level compiled languages such as C. It is easy to learn and use, and is recognized for very...