Toda, Hiro Y; Phillips, Peter C B - In: Econometrica 61 (1993) 6, pp. 1367-93
A limit theory for Wald tests of Granger causality in levels vector autoregressions (VAR's) and error correction models (ECM's) is developed, which allows for stochastic trends and cointegration. Earlier work is extended to the general case, thereby characterizing when these Wald tests are...