We develop a simply theory on interest rate swaps based on the difference between bank loans and public debts. While restrictive covenants of bank loans help reduce agency costs, banks also have natural disadvantages in bearing interest rate risk due to their floating liabilities. A firm that...

Debt covenant violation alters firm dynamics, providing creditors with the right to demand repayment, and via that right, influence firm actions. We provide evidence consistent with creditors employing that channel to influence CEO compensation. Using regression discontinuity analysis, we show...

By integrating the staggered interstate bank deregulation into a gravity model following Goetz, Laeven, and Levine (2013, 2016), we construct a time-varying bank-specific instrument for geographic diversification and investigate its causal effect on corporate innovation via the lending channel....

Consistent with the monitoring role of analysts, we find work-related injury rates are negatively related to higher levels of analyst coverage. This result is robust to approaches designed to mitigate endogeneity concerns and is stronger in industries where unions are less powerful, for firms...

We examine how workplace injury rates change when firms are subject to a corporate tax shock. We find that tax increases lead to a significance increase in reported injuries, but tax decreases have no similar effect. Our difference-in-differences empirical strategy relies on staggered...

To what extent do credit lines provide liquidity insurance? We investigate this question using a unique dataset with firms' actual draw-down rates and find that firms draw down their lines of credit at higher rates than the initial contract rates recorded in Dealscan. More importantly, we find...

This paper examines the financial and operational hedging activities of U.S. pharmaceutical and biotech firms that are subject to high level of information asymmetry stemming from R&D investments during 2001-2006. We find evidence in support of the information asymmetry hypothesis à la Froot,...

Barton (2001) and Pincus and Rajgopal (2002) show that earnings management through discretionary accruals and derivative hedging are partial substitutes in smoothing earnings before 1999. In this study, we investigate whether FAS 133 regarding hedge accounting in 2000 has influenced the relative...

We investigate how CEO's risk incentive (vega) affects firm innovation. To establish causality, we exploit compensation changes instigated by the FAS 123R accounting regulation in 2005 that mandated stock option expensing at fair values. Our identification tests indicate a positive and causal...

We examine the effect of bank interventions on corporate innovation and firm value via the lens of debt covenant violations. Bank interventions have a significantly negative effect on innovation quantity, but no significant effect on quality. The reduction in innovation quantity is concentrated...