of multinational enterprises is presented. This analysis serves as the foundation for a discussion of fragmentation …—and the increased use of traded services in the fragmentation process—in four different manufacturing value chains (apparel … international nature of fragmentation, in part the result of services liberalisation, has redefined the way in which many …

international outsourcing. It is the first detailed study to address the effects of outsourcing on labour markets in the UK. In a … recent paper, Feenstra and Hanson (1996) estimate the effect of international outsourcing on wage inequality in the US. This … paper extends the FH approach by using more detailed definitions of outsourcing and skill. The analysis applies to UK …

fragmentation has had a marked impact on wages. Distinguishing three skill categories we find evidence that outsourcing reduced the …Our paper investigates the link between outsourcing and wages utilising a large household panel and combining it with … industry level information on industries? outsourcing activities from input-output tables. By doing so we can arguably overcome …

partly imported intermediates (= outsourcing or fragmentation) (ii) increased employment due to higher demand caused by an …This paper attempts to quantify the impact of fragmentation on employment. Factor demand functions for labour and …

partly imported intermediates (= outsourcing or fragmentation) (ii) increased employment due to higher demand caused by an …This paper attempts to quantify the impact of fragmentation on employment. Factor demand functions for labour and …