Radiotherapy is used extensively in the treatment of many cancers. It is often used alone as the primary therapy, or in conjunction with other forms of treatment such as surgery and chemotherapy, both on a curative and palliative basis. In many instances, there are choices to be made between...

In evolutionary physiology the human body is viewed as a resource allocation mechanism working according to a predetermined set of priorities to maximise reproductive capacity. In health economics, people are viewed as having a portfolio of assets (health; wealth; and wisdom) which they manage...

In this paper we assess the current state of the art of economic appraisal of health technologies in the United Kingdom. The paper is organised along the lines suggested in the Workshop proposal. Although the main interest of the Workshop is in 'high' technology, such as imaging techniques and...

Available clinical evidence suggests that the newer antipsychotics are similar to conventional antipsychotics for positive symptom control. It has been suggested that they may also be superior for negative symptoms and side effects, but the evidence for this is unclear (Duggan et al, 1999,...

Despite uncertainty being intrinsic to economic evaluation of health care, existing techniques for handling uncertainty remain underdeveloped compared to the formal techniques commonly applied in the business sector. This paper develops an alternative approach to handling uncertainty in economic...

In the summer of 1990, the Australian government took a major step by requiring evidence of cost-effectiveness of new medicines prior to reimbursement by the public health care system. This paper assesses whether the methodological principles behind the guidelines are sound and whether they...

Long waiting times for inpatient treatment in the UK National Health Service have long been a source of great popular and political concern, and therefore a target for policy initiatives. One such is the London Patient Choice Project, under which patients at risk of breaching inpatient waiting...

There is growing acceptance of the need for improved outcome measures in monitoring and evaluating the impact of health care. Past emphasis on indicators of mortality and morbidity is being replaced with a greater awareness of the possibilities for measuring quality of life (QoL). This...

The purpose of this study was to estimate the costs and benefits of the use of erythropoietin (EPO) in the treatment of anaemia arising from chronic renal failure. Recurrent dialysis of chronic renal failure (CRF) patients results in their haemoglobin being depleted and the patient becoming...

This report examines the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening for diabetic retinopathy by optometrists. There are strong arguments for screening. Diabetic retinopathy is an important public health problem, there is an effective treatment, the natural history of the disease is well...