This paper uses an application of the Bertrand model to explain the relationship between HFCS deliveries and the prices … of HFCS-42 and sugar. It finds that the HFCS deliveries and the prices of HFCS-42 and refined sugar are cointegrated over …

observed changes from 2020 (September) in unemployment, trade, oil prices, and production to inform our model. Estimated gross … lockdowns lead to a decrease in global GDP of 7.2 per cent, and a decrease in grain prices of 9 per cent. These changes lead to …

boost activity on the northern Mexican border. In this paper we estimate the effects of both policies on prices. We find … that the upward pressures on prices due to the minimum wage hike were more than offset by the downward pressures associated … with the VAT. In the absence of the VAT reduction policy, average prices in the northern Mexican border would have been …