The recession officially ended in June, 2009, yet more than a year later, many banks throughout the nation are struggling to recover from the downturn. This is especially pronounced in the 12th District. This article addresses some of the issues that contributed to the still-prevalent banking...

Keynote speech to Recovery, Renewal, Rebuilding – a Federal Reserve Conference Series, Los Angeles, CA, July 15, 2008

Postsecondary educational expenses and student loan balances have been trending steadily upward, but persistent unemployment and weak economic conditions have created an alarming new trend of rising student loan defaults. This Brief examines broad trends in student borrowing in the Federal...

Within the Federal Reserve's 12th District, over 4 million families and individuals received the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) for tax year 2007, totaling over $8 billion in credits. In this Research Brief, we examine trends in EITC usage across the 12th District, and look at how the EITC and...

Asia’s growing influence in the United States - economically and culturally - is very apparent in the Federal Reserve’s Twelfth District. The nine western states form a geographical gateway to Asia, and because of the close ties, can provide insight into Asian economic and financial...