The study attempts to apply William Niskanen's (1971) theory of budget maximising bureaucrats to the business subsidies policy implemented in Finland, by one of the major distributor of subsidies to firms, the ministry of Trade and Industry (KTM). The empirical analysis is based on records of 15...

This study examines the impact of business subsidies on beneficiary and non-beneficiary firms during a short three year period, from 1995 to 1997. The indicator measuring the impact of subsidies on these firms is their Value Added growth over the three-year period. The study is based on...

This is an evaluation study which examines the financing process through which Finnish enterprises apply and receive business subsidies from the central government. It examines comprehensively the three entities involved when this type of state aid is distributed in Finland, namely the applicant...

This paper surveys evaluation studies of business subsidy programs conducted in Finland and abroad. The aim is to assess the evaluation methods applied and then recommend the most appropriate ones applicable in Finland. In the paper twenty seven studies are analysed; eighteen using Finnish data...

• Scenario planning can mitigate losses, increase market expansion, prevent business regional exit and maximise profits.• Global banks must form partnerships with local and Islamic banks in global markets to utilize local expertise, acceptance and success.• Businesses operating in...

We examine the determinants that shape the spending preferences of public sector employees on several budgetary appropriations. Following Niskanen?s (1971, 1975, 1994) budget maximising theory, we test whether these employees prefer larger budgetary appropriations rather than less. We measure...

This paper investigates the effects of business subsidies on the employment of firms in Finland, and explores possible regional differences in the effects. Employment of some 26,000 firms is followed annually between 1995-1998. We find that labour subsidies increase the firms' own employment...

In this study, we aim to replicate and extend the negative effect of red tape on procedural satisfaction by conducting an experiment via the online crowdsourcing service MTurk. Our findings indicate that a higher level of red tape is indeed associated with lower procedural satisfaction. We also...

Policy alienation can be defined as a cognitive state of psychological disconnection from the policy program to be implemented. This essay in the Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance has three goals. First, it aims to discuss the background and development...

Introducing choice and competition in public services was supposed to put citizens in the “driver's seat”, making them in charge of their service provision. Introducing choice often is indeed beneficial for citizens. However, it sometimes also leads to increased inequality among citizens....