This paper analyzes how injunctions relate to patent hold-up problems. To this end, we present a simple model of licensing negotiations between a patent holder and a downstream firm in the shadow of litigation. More specifically, we consider the situation in which an injunction is granted as a...

The paper addresses the question of whether expanded and strengthened protection of intellectual property (IP) fosters technology transfer to developing countries. Cross-sectional analysis of a representative sample of firms operating in 42 developing economies indicates that going from no IP...

We analyse the basic economic issues relating to third-party intellectual property clearinghouses that act as licensing intermediaries. We identify economic functions of clearinghouses and discuss ways that they can improve efficiency in licensing through centralisation and independence. We then...

This article presents the results of an analysis of the patent trading flows of small and large firms and the determinants of these firm’s patent sale and acquisition decisions. We also examine whether these transactions lead to an excessive concentration of patent rights. We show that small...

We focus on downstream uses that combine multiple intellectual property rights and examine the effects of introducing an intellectual property clearinghouse that reduces transaction costs associated with licensing. We show that this causes equilibrium royalties to rise in some cases and may harm...

Licensing platforms are a clear example of a collective action problem, where groups have aligned long-term interests but misaligned short-term goals. Customised incentives can be a key way to facilitate socially desirable collective action, especially where a market or platform includes a range...

The current approach to licensing in many cases increases costs and inefficiencies for patent owners and implementers alike. As such, a new approach – licensing 2.0 – is called for. The first principle of this new approach is to have an ecosystem in place that incentivises further innovation...

The paper addresses the question of whether expanded and strengthened protection of intellectual property (IP) fosters technology transfer to developing countries. Cross-sectional analysis of a representative sample of firms operating in 42 developing economies indicates that going from no IP...