Africa's economic performance has been widely viewed with pessimism. In this paper, firm-level data for around 80 countries are used to examine formal firm performance. Without controls, manufacturing African firms perform significantly worse than firms in other regions. They have lower...

This paper studies the causes, mechanisms and consequences of decreasing firm value and welfare loss in an economy under a fixed exchange rate regime when there is an unexpected appreciation in domestic currency. We also study the possible economic crisis caused by the exchange rate shock. We...