Structural labor supply methods are generally needed to separate out income and substitution effects, to calculate deadweight losses, and to study policies that make budget constraints highly nonlinear. However, the relationship between the economic assumptions, implicit restrictions, and...

During 1984-1996, welfare and tax policy were changed to encourage work by single mothers. The Earned Income Tax Credit was expanded, welfare benefits were cut, welfare time limits were added, and welfare cases were terminated. Medicaid for the working poor was expanded, as were training...

The experience of Washington State provides a natural setting to examine the effects of the unemployment insurance payroll tax on layoffs, employment, and wages. During the 13-year period from 1972 through 1984, all employers in Washington paid the same unemployment insurance (UI) tax rate....

In this paper we theoretically and empirically examine the common, but previously unexamined, case of a firm-varying tax that is used to finance a fringe benefit. While we use data from the experience-rated unemployment insurance (UI) system, it is important to realize that differential...

We examine the extent to which unemployment insurance (UI) insures workers against unforeseen events or subsidizes firms and workers engaged in temporary layoffs. Our main source of data is a five-year panel of UI administrative records from five states. While most claimants receive UI only once...

Black entrepreneurship has been unsuccessful in the U.S. The fraction of employed blacks that work in their own businesses is about one-third that of whites. Other measures of success such as net income, number of employees, and form of organization show large differences between blacks and...

We first critique the manner in which work costs have been introduced into labor supply estimation, and note the difficulty of incorporating a realistic rendering of the costs of work. We then show that, if work costs are not accounted for in the budget and time constraints in a structural labor...