Foreign exchange transactions are subject to a unique type of settlement risk. This risk ultimately stems from the …

Previous comparative analyses of gross and net settlement have focused on the credit risk of the central counterparty … in net settlement arrangements and on the incentives for participants to alter the risk of the portfolio under net …

processing, bear most of the risk of loss if merchants fail to make good on credit transactions disputed by customers. To guard …. ; The article delineates some of the risk factors associated with specific industries, merchant types, and transactions that … manage risk, especially the risk of fraud. …

risk, and that the relatively smooth intraday distribution of payments serves to mitigate operational risk associated with …

crisis. Shen examines settlement risk in large-value payments systems and discusses some of the measures available to manage … such risk. …