French banking expansion in China and South-East Asia had to respect the powerful influence of British banks there. From the 1860s French merchant and banking interests had been involved in Hong Kong business because of the colonial developments in Indochina and the links between this area and...

Comparing the degree of openness of different national economies or the variations of openness during different periods is a difficult task. Using the historical data existing for France since the beginning of the 19th century, we try to show how an accurate and consistent picture of the gradual...

This paper aims to contribute to the debate regarding the presence of foreign banks in Latin America. To clarify the discussion, we shall conduct a survey of the theoretical and empirical literature devoted to internationalisation in the banking sector so as to provide a better analysis of the...

In this article, we propose to evaluate the robustness of the main indicators of international financial integration by indicating their principal results as well as their limits. Empirical studies, whatever the indicator of integration which is chosen, conclude that the recent period is...

This paper examines the development of “creative” services (research, information, art etc.), located in medium-sized areas. Insofar as urban dynamics lead to extend the advanced services outside metropolises, particular attention is given to issues concerning the definition of...

Of an economic approach of the tourism, made by applications of the instruments of the economist for this new field of investigation, we are gradually spent in a research on a tourist economy based on the specificities of this last one : Its temporal dimension (saisonnality of the activities,...

The paper focuses on the prospects interaction economics opens in the economic geography field. The first part is devoted to the conditions in which interaction economics emerges and develops. The second one focuses on the main concepts and models. In the third one, we show through a recent...

In a preceding article we have studied the Communities of Practice and their conditions of emergence using an Agent based model of a set of agents facing a continuous flow of problems. We center now our analysis on the performance of this organizational structure in comparison with a two-level...

The processes of metropolitanization must explain if and how they concern some specific areas, how and if they primarily concern networks, hubs and nodes, pushing into the background the immediate territories of the metropolis. We assume that small-sized areas, in particular rural zones, could...

The paper presents the main conclusions of the CoCKEAS European project (Coordinating Competencies and Knowledge in the European Automobile System). It analyses the main changes in the organisation of the European automotive system, not only in the relationships between carmakers and their first...