Oportunidades (formerly PROGRESA) is a conditional cash transfer program ran by the Mexican federal government designed to break the intergenerational cycle of poverty. Among other activities, it provides free delivery attendance for women enrolled in the program. Skilled attendance at delivery...

Rarely have researchers explored the distribution of a programme's effects in a population, tending to focus on unidimensional measures of impact instead. This can mask heterogeneity of effects, making it difficult to identify subsets of the population for whom impacts might differ from a...