The study addresses the two intertwined challenges of rural poverty and forest degradation in rural areas of Zagros, Iran. For a watershed in Zagros, a quantitative analysis based on the sustainable livelihood framework approach is used to identify household livelihood strategies, analyze...

Adjacency constraints along with even flow harvest constraints are important in long term forest planning. Simulated annealing (SA) is previously successfully applied when addressing such constraints. The objective of this paper was to assess the performance of SA under three new methods of...