The purpose of this paper is to assess whether loss reserving adjustment exists in the UK general insurance industry … and, if so, what motivates managers to modify reserves. Our research shows that: insurers bias loss reserve accrual to … smooth income or to avoid triggering regulatory intervention; insurers underestimate loss reserves to avoid reporting small …

off-setting entry is a miscellaneous loss expense entry,in the Profit making US Income Statement. As a Prime Developed … Pumping wealth from developed nations. A Notional Balance sheet of USA, balances only with a Loss to the Assets(Debit). This …

distribution of the random price, (c) in a multi-period framework with hedging, if tax loss carryback and tax loss carryforward … behavior under price uncertainty. Assuming that the tax rate on profits is higher than the compensation rate for losses, we …