The European Central Bank has assigned a special role to money in its two pillar strategy and has received much … criticism for this decision. The case against including money in the central bank's interest rate rule is based on a standard … decades. In this paper, we develop a justification for including money in the interest rate rule by allowing for imperfect …

modified to account for observed money growth and inflation trends, and that monetary trends may serve as a useful cross … persistent errors in monetary policy and sustained trends in money growth and inflation. If interest rate prescriptions derived … from Keynesian-style models are augmented with a cross-check against money-based estimates of trend inflation, inflation …

whether money growth Granger-causes output growth in the United States. We find surprisingly strong evidence for a money … Great moderation, the Granger-causal role of money appears to have vanished completely. …

inception of the euro. We derive a money demand equation that incorporates housing wealth and collateral as well as substitution … effects on real money holdings. Empirically, we show that cross-country differences in real balances are determined not only … by income differences, a standard determinant of money demand, but also by house price developments. Higher house prices …

criticized for failing to explain common trends in money growth and inflation, and that therefore money should be used as a cross …

. Money as a social representative of value, therefore, is introduced at the very beginning of Marx.s microeconomics. Marx ….s rejection of Ricardo.s interpretation of Say.s Law requires that money as a means of circulation and as a means of payment is … profits for the capitalist class as a whole requires money advances, which have to increase by means of rising credit in a …