Under the Group-scheme operated by the Small Farmers Development Programme (SFDP) in Nepal, the circumstances in which the Group Organizer (GO) is expected to carry out the ‘pre-investment survey' preclude him from obtaining any meaningful data on farmers incomes. The country's (Sri Lanka)...

The European Commission's Proposal for a Regulation on European Crowdfunding Service Providers (ECSPs) for businesses, since its presentation, has faced difficult trilateral negotiations among the European Commission, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. The length of...

Marketplace lending, enabled by technological innovation, represents a new opportunity for raising capital. It is regarded by the EU as having the potential to expand the financing options of SMEs and improve the integration of the Internal Capital Market. However, applying traditional legal...

Decentralised finance (DeFi) represents an extremely interesting and continuously growing area of the financial sector. The present paper analyses varied types of digital platforms, expression of different degrees of decentralisation/disintermediation, focusing on capital raising ones since...

The ECSPR covers only financial-return crowdfunding-FRC. Nonetheless, crowdfunding goes beyond monetary incentives: reward-based and donation-based crowdfunding represent the ‘other side of the moon’ in the crowdfunding universe. The Chapter, after describing the main features of...

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted all spheres of life including the financial sector. In developing economies, the high number of people and businesses that fall under the informal sector is something that continues to receive policy attention. The actors within the informal...

This paper examines progressive changes in productivity of the European stock exchange industry using non-parametric frontier techniques. Within the framework of Malmquist indices, total factor productivity growth is decomposed into technological progress and technical efficiency change for a...

This paper examines progressive changes in productivity of the European stock exchange industry using non-parametric frontier techniques.Within the framework of Malmquist indices, total factor productivity growth is decomposed into technological progress and technical efficiency change for a...

This paper examines progressive changes in productivity of the European stock exchange industry using non-parametric frontier techniques. Within the framework of Malmquist indices, total factor productivity growth is decomposed into technological progress and technical efficiency change for a...