In July 1944 at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, delegates from 44 nations agreed upon an international monetary system to be established following World War II. At the heart of the system was the International Monetary Fund, which was to foster economic prosperity by promoting international...

Stanley Fischer served as First Deputy Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund from 1994 to 2001. IMF Essays from a Time of Crisis collects sixteen essays written for the most part during his time at the IMF, each updated with Fischer's later reflections on the issues raised. The...

The new architecture of the international monetary-financial system is determined by the evolution of the economics, socials, culture and contemporary policies. The reorganization of the monetary-financial system’s institutional and functional formulas is not possible against trimming the...

Examines the evolution of the role of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), created in 1930 to promote co‐operation between central banks, into the arena of the Third World debt problem. The bank has extended loans to developing countries, such as Mexico, Argentina, Nigeria and Brazil...

We investigate the effects of IMF stabilization programs, and the reasons behind the unusually high IMF activity and relatively low program completion rates in Latin America. We base our tests on a panel, and distinguish between IMF program approvals and completion. We find that Latin America...

A need exists to find alternatives to the universalized model of administration required by the World Bank, International Monetary Fund and bilateral donors. Non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) are an attractive and feasible alternative which should be pursued from the “ground up” and...

Proposes to discuss some of the social and cultural consequences of the Structural Adjustment Programme in Argentina in 1990. The general assumption is that changes in economic policies provoke cultural changes which will on the other hand affect the possibilities of economic development. The...

Suggests the reorganizations of the international monetary fund, re‐directing its path towards conditions of stable equilibrium. Discusses basic deficiencies of the Bretton Woods Agreement of 1944 which set out the purposes of the internaitonal monetary fund. Suggests basic conditions for...

The paper makes an analysis of the relation between International Monetary Fund and Romania during the financial crisis started in 2007 and the effects and the results of the economic and fiscal policy in Romania due to the involvment of the IMF and the internal political decision.