migrating peasants, and, consequently, has a positive effect on narrowing the rural-urban income or consumption gap. Urban labor …

main household income diversification and risk coping strategies. IV estimates show, somewhat surprisingly, that mother …'s migration has a positive effect on early cognitive development. We attribute these findings to changes in income and to the …

migrating peasants, and, consequently, has a positive effect on narrowing the rural-urban income or consumption gap. Urban labor …

among individual households and to calculate the life-cycle cost of appliances taking into account those differences. Using … new standards. In some cases, sufficient data exist to distinguish among demographic subgroups (for example, low income or … elderly households) who are impacted differently from the general population. Rank order correlations between the sampled …

urban Chinese households owned an air conditioner; by 2003 this numberrose to 62 percent. The evidence suggests a similar … ownershipand use model based on household income, climate and demographicparameters. The second combines ownership forecasts and …

household income. Based on our analysis, we conclude that the demand for home appliances is price inelastic. …

and employment. The previous paper described an economy in which households choose whether to enter the labor and product … simulation and continually revises its target level of savings according to a life-cycle hypothesis. Households can seek … employment, earn income, purchase goods, and contribute to savings until they reach the mandatory retirement age; upon retirement …

This paper investigates how critical-peak pricing (CPP)affects households with different usage and income levels, with … historical usage and income levels. Findings show thathigh-use customers respond significantly more in kW reduction than dolow …-usecustomers results that challenge the strategy of targeting only high-usecustomers for CPP tariffs. Across income levels, average load …

the reform are entirely driven by the traditional substitution and income effects as in a unitary model. …

There are two main types of data sources of income distributions in China: household survey data and grouped data … across broader regions. Nevertheless, a major limitation of grouped data is that only mean (average) income and income shares … equivalent to assuming that all individuals in a quintile or decile group have the same income. This potentially distorts the …