The Panzar-Rosse model has been widely applied to assess competitive conduct, often in specifications controlling for firm scale or using a price equation. We show that neither a price equation nor a scaled revenue function yields a valid measure for competitive conduct. Moreover, even an...

Using data from metropolitan U.S. labor market areas, we quantify empirical associations between entry by small firms and a vector of economic performance measures encompassing levels, volatilities, and growth rates of several income and employment variables. Distinct and robust associations are...

Standard early warning models to predict bank failures cannot be estimated during periods of few or zero failures, precluding any updating of such models during times of good performance. Here we address this problem using an alternative approach, forecasting the simple leverage ratio...