This paper studies the effectiveness of treatment for substance abuse with data on more than 10,000 treatment episodes from Maine. We measure effectiveness as the reduction in the rate of drug use between admission and discharge. In a nonexperimental setting we use instrumental variables to...

Purpose: As the provision of public services in many advanced welfare states has increasingly come to be marked by competition, social enterprises have actively been encouraged by governments to become involved in the delivery of public services. While the evaluation of complex public health...