Background: Zanamivir, a neuraminidase inhibitor, reduces the number of days of illness in influenza-positive patients. New bedside rapid flu tests (RFT) should increase the number of influenza-positive patients whom receive zanamivir appropriately. Objective: To estimate the economic effects of...

This review of published studies on the costs of HIV treatment and care describes some of the recent developments that have influenced these costs in industrialised and industrialising countries, especially within the context of changing drug treatments. Some of the different approaches to...

Objective: To evaluate the cost effectiveness of zanamivir 10mg twice daily for 5 days in the treatment of influenza in high-risk patients. Design: Bootstrap cost-effectiveness analysis incorporating within-trial analysis of pooled patient-level cost and effect data. Setting: UK unit costs and...

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease, an opportunistic complication in patients with AIDS, causes substantial morbidity and has high treatment costs. Although prevention of this disease is highly desirable, incremental cost-effectiveness estimates for proposed prophylactic strategies in the era prior...

In the absence of interventions, 20% of infants born to women infected with HIV acquire infection from their mother at or before delivery. A further 15% are infected through breast feeding. Prenatal testing for HIV allows infected women to be reliably identified so that they can receive...

The development of mutations associated with resistance to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been shown to be a major cause of treatment failure in patients infected with HIV-1. These resistance mutations can be assessed by a genotyping test that probes for specific mutations within the HIV...

Objective: To estimate the short term and long term cost effectiveness, from a healthcare perspective, associated with the introduction of lamivudine for chronic hepatitis B. Design: The analysis used a 2-step modelling approach. A decision tree was used to estimate clinical outcomes and costs...

To test the effect of differences in acquisition cost and budget-based monetary compensation systems on the intent to support the adoption of a cost-effective new drug, over 350 hospital pharmacy directors were asked to indicate their intentions as to the adoption of a cost-effective new...

Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the annual resource use and corresponding costs (at 1996/97 prices) to the UK's National Health Service (NHS) arising from the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Design and Setting: A subgroup analysis was performed...

Many health maintenance organisations (HMOs) and provider organisations are developing disease management programmes to improve quality of care and lower costs for patients with chronic diseases. Many of these organisations ultimately decide to outsource these programmes to vendors rather than...