As one of the four global goals framing sustainable mobility in the Global Mobility Report (GMR),universal access in urban areas is the ability for people to reach the destinations necessary to lead productive and fulfilling lives. But transport infrastructure and services are rarely distributed...

In mid-September 2008, following the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers, international interbank markets froze and interbank lending beyond very short maturities virtually evaporated. Despite massive central bank support operations and purchases of key assets, many financial markets remained impaired...

Serious fiscal vulnerabilities arising from many years of high government/GDP ratios have created new and complex interactions between public debt management and monetary policy. Although their formal mandates have not changed, recent balance sheet policies of many central banks have tended to...

A long period of high public debt-to-GDP ratios will alter the interactions between fiscal policy, monetary policy and government debt management. But opinions differ on exactly how. Four perspectives were explored in this workshop: historical analysis of policies in financial crises;...

This paper examines the macroeconomic and microeconomic dimensions of systemic risk. The design of practical macroprudential policies to address such risks is complex. Issues to be tackled include: (a) statistics to accurately measure currency and maturity mismatches (which usually lie at the...

Currency mismatches in the major EMEs have been much reduced over the past decade. The development of deeper domestic bond markets has contributed greatly to this. Stresses in international markets after the failure of Lehman severely tested these new markets. There was a flight of foreign...