The paper defines, implements and compares two empirical tests of relevant markets. While the traditional SSNIP test compares an initial industry equilibrium to an out-of-equilibrium situation, the FERM test, our contribution, compares the same initial equilibrium to an other equilibrium...

The paper defines, implements and compares two empirical tests of relevant markets. While the 1997 test of the EU Commission compares an initial industry equilibrium to an out-of-equilibrium situation, the 1984 US Merger Guidelines test compares the same initial equilibrium to a second...

We discuss and compare the remedies in the two cases antitrust cases of the European Union (EU) against Microsoft. The first EU case alleged (i) that Microsoft illegally bundled the Windows Media Player (WMP) with Windows; and (ii) that Microsoft did not provide adequate documentation that would...

This paper examines exclusionary practices allegedly used by Intel to maintain its dominant position in sales of microprocessors for IBM-compatible personal computers (PCs), focusing primarily on the preferential allocation of scarce product among customers. The paper considers the period...

A long-term litigation has opposed AMD to Intel, the dominant firm in the chips market. The first reproached the second pricing practices aiming at excluding it from the market on another basis than a competition on the merits.Intel was accused of implemented an anticompetitive strategy through...

About the end of 2006, Microsoft began delivering its new Windows Vista PC operating system to large commercial customers, followed by final users and small businesses. Even before the product reached the market, the dominant provider of PC operating systems worldwide was accused over and over...

We introduce a racing model with multiple product generations, product innovation, spin-outs, and licensing. Industry conditions and innovation characteristics affect who wins the race and who markets the resulting product. Small firms market their innovations when they pioneer a new generation...

This paper studies the effectiveness of collusion in the DRAM cartel. Like other high technology products, DRAM is characterized by learning-by-doing and multiproduct competition. I hypothesize that collusion is more difficult to sustain on a new generation, where learning is high, than an old...

The Microsoft cases in the United States and in Europe have been influential in determining the contours of the substantive liability standards for dominant firms in US antitrust law and in EC Competition law. The competition law remedies that were adopted, following the finding of liability,...

Online communities provide a social sphere for people to share information and knowledge. While information sharing is becoming a ubiquitous online phenomenon, how to ensure information quality or induce quality content, however, remains a challenge due to the anonymity of commentators. This...