Swedish labor movement had developed activities for workers' and their families' everyday life at the turn of the century. These activities consisted of various cultural factors. Most of them came from traditional folk culture or bourgeois culture. These had been blended in the labor movement...

The Population Tables of 1749 are one of the earliest censuses in the world. Parish registers were to form the basis of these population statistics. Moreover the organization of the Swedish state church was taken advantage in order to take statistics. For example, the basic information was...

In the beginning of the 20th century marriage legislation was reformed in all the Nordic countries. Male privileges were abolished and equality was declared. Marriage was constructed as a union between two independent individuals that could be dissolved if both wanted to. It was not until the...

This is a translation of Cassel's "Socialpolitik"(1902). Today this book is almost forgotten even in Sweden. But it had a great influence on public opinion in those days. We should pay attention to following four points in Cassel's discussion in this book. 1) Cassel criticizes (Manchester)...

The problem of estimating the common regression coefficients is addressed in this paper for two regression equations with possibly different error variances. The feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) estimators have been believed to be admissible within the class of unbiased estimators. It...

Banks are recognized as playing an important role of monitoring borrowers, thereby reducing the agency costs associated with informational asymmetry. However, there remains an issue "who could monitor the banks", because it is difficult for outsiders to monitor banks' management. In particular,...

This paper discusses a novel estimation method for the residential gas demand function in Japan where the price per unit decreases as the demand exceeds certain thresholds. Such a price system is known as decreasing block rate pricing. The demand function under decreasing block rate pricing is...

Economic development in Southeast Asia has been associated with environmental degradation. Its cause is mainly attributed to rapid industrialization, coupled with urbanization and export growth, whereas the vicious circle of the poverty and the contamination is a minor case. The environmental...

The purpose of this paper is to examine the chronic poverty problems in Metro Manila, based on the NSO data and the participant observations in a squatters area. Indeed, we can recognize the improvement in the poverty incidence in M. M. during the 1990s, but the level of the alleviation may tend...