and indirect taxes, direct transfers provided by the social transfers and the school feeding programs, and in …

This paper investigates how government spending multipliers depend on the distribution of taxes across households. We … when financed with more progressive taxes, and zero otherwise. We rationalize this finding within a heterogeneous …-income earners. In turn, spending financed with more progressive taxes induces a smaller crowding-out, and thus larger multipliers …

policy can effectively be implemented in practice. While, in principle, variable taxes could improve welfare in some cases …-tax break is in a better footing to boost consumption and welfare than an income-tax break. A hike in consumption taxes can also …. However, variable taxes are subject to serious implementation problems fettering their use …