Purpose: The authors examine cryptocurrency market behavior using a hidden Markov model (HMM). Under the assumption that the cryptocurrency market has unobserved heterogeneity, an HMM allows us to study (1) the extent to which cryptocurrency markets shift due to interactions with social...

This paper examines the effectiveness of generic commodity promotion program based on checkoff funds by estimating the demand elasticities of advertisement. Focusing on a possible structural change in terms of advertisement strategies, we model econometrically the effects of generic advertising...