physical infrastructure over its life cycle. It also suggests that understanding life‐cycle costs is a critical element of … cost of building and owning facilities, typically overemphasising initial construction costs. Life‐cycle operations and …

investment, integration, and structural and policy deficiencies. These structural features have led to policy challenges in … particular after the crisis of 2008-2009. Which are investment- and export-led growth, which implies slower growth of consumption … that are compatible with them are infrastructure, physical and institutional, investments supported by the EU and …

performance - affordable and efficient public infrastructure and services - remains lacking in this region - notably, in Sub …-Saharan Africa. To address this, the region itself has initiated a major, long-term, continent-wide infrastructure development … programme which is intended to fix this problem sustainably - namely, the Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa …

performance - affordable and efficient public infrastructure and services - remains lacking in this region - notably, in Sub …-Saharan Africa. To address this, the region itself has initiated a major, long-term, continent-wide infrastructure development … programme which is intended to fix this problem sustainably - namely, the Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa …