Member States receive funds for agriculture, structural development (e.g. infrastructure works) and internal policies (e.g. training, research, environmental protection), but in exchange have to make a contribution to the EU budget. Given the overall low level of income per head as compared to...

In this paper we consider the entry and exit of firms in a Ramsey model with capital and an endogenous labour supply. At the firm level, there is a fixed cost combined with increasing marginal cost, which gives a standard U-shaped cost curve with optimal firm size. The costs of entry (exit) are...

This paper examines in how far the DSGE model which is often dubbed the New Keynesian Consensus is compatibel with a Post-Keynesian or traditional Keynesian understanding of the economy. It is argued that while at first sight DSGE models seem to include a lot of traditional Keynesian or even...

Differences across countries or decades in the countercyclical stance of fiscal policy can help identify whether the growth in government spending affects output growth and so speeds recovery from a recession. We use the heterogeneity in the government-spending reaction functions across twenty...