Since the fiscal expansion and real appreciation of the dollar in the early 1980s, widespread attention has focused on … the economy. In this paper we take a critical look at this view. ; We argue that the association of a dollar appreciation … analyzing the empirical support for the "two-tiered" hypothesis, we show that the negative association between dollar …

Against some other major currencies around the world, the value of the U.S. dollar has dropped considerably in recent …

status of these roles. The U.S. dollar continues to be the dominant currency across various uses. Yet, such a role may change … over time. If this occurs, there could be consequences for seignorage returns, U.S. funding costs, the dollar’s value, U …

Facing a shortage of U.S. dollars and a growing need to support their dollar-denominated assets during the financial … analysis of the ensuing strains in the swap market shows that the dollar "basis"--the premium international institutions pay … for dollar funding--became persistently large and positive, chiefly as a result of the higher funding costs paid by …