Direct commands, market based, or combined, whichever is the government's mean of intervention, is expected to raise political lobbying and pressure. This study offers a political-economic model of an industry, which is regulated by an integrated system of both direct and market based policies....

The paper reviews agricultural development in the fifteen former Soviet republics over the period 1965-1997. Production functions are estimated and productivity differences and changes calculated. Large differences were found in terms of productivity and growth between the republics. The...