A large number of measures for monitoring risk and uncertainty surrounding macroeconomic and financial outcomes have … researchers in their analyses. However, risk and uncertainty measures differ across multiple dimensions, including the method of … calculated. Therefore, in this paper, we review the literature on global risk, uncertainty, and volatility measures drawing on …

development of bank lending in the U.S. after four large jumps in uncertainty using an event study approach. We find that more … liquid banks slow down lending less after a surge in uncertainty. Lending by smaller banks is also less responsive to … increases in uncertainty, which points to an increased importance of bank-customer relationships. The heterogeneity across banks …